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1. If the partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar air is 100 mmHg and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in capillary blood arriving at the alveoli is 40 mmHg,
what will be the concentration of dissolved oxygen in blood leaving the
alveoli?
A. 140 mmHg
B. 100 mmHg
C. 70 mmHg
D. 60 mmHg
2. What does it mean if oxygenated blood leaving the alveolar capillaries has an
oxygen partial pressure of 100 mmHg?
A. Oxygen will have diffused from the blood into the alveoli.
B. The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli was 100 mmHg.
C. The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli was less than 100 mmHg.
D. The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli was more than 100 mmHg.
3. Consider Henry’s law. If a patient is given air with 30% oxygen to breathe (that
is, at one and a half times normal oxygen partial pressure), by how much would
the amount of dissolved oxygen in the blood change?
A. It would increase by 150%.
B. It would increase by 50%.
C. It would increase by 30%.
D. It would increase by 10%.
4. When the diaphragm contracts, which of the following will happen in the lungs?
A. Air pressure will increase, volume will decrease and exhalation will occur.
B. Air pressure will decrease, volume will increase and exhalation will occur.
C. Air pressure will decrease, volume will increase and inhalation will occur.
D. Air pressure will increase, volume will increase and inhalation will occur.
A. The oxygen dissolved in blood exerts a pressure of 100 mmHg over and
above the blood pressure generated by the heart.
B. 100 mmHg of the blood pressure is due to the dissolved oxygen within it.
C. The blood had been exposed to air in the lungs that contained oxygen at a
partial pressure of 100 mmHg.
D. The dissolved oxygen exerts an osmotic pressure of 100 mmHg.
Answer is C: The concentration of a gas dissolved in water is expressed in terms of
the partial pressure of that gas in the mixture of gases that were in contact with the
water. Gas will continue to dissolve until the water is saturated. At this point we say
that the concentration of dissolved gas is the same as the partial pressure of that gas
in the atmosphere in contact with the water. The same units, mmHg are used.
6. A pump used to clear an airway of obstructing liquid expands the volume in its
chamber to produce a:
A. Negative pressure and liquid is pushed by atmospheric pressure into the
chamber.
B. Positive pressure and liquid is pushed by atmospheric pressure into the
chamber.
C. Negative pressure and liquid is sucked up into the chamber.
D. Positive pressure and liquid is sucked by atmospheric pressure into the
chamber.
Answer is A: Once a negative pressure is established by expanding the volume
within the pump, atmospheric pressure acting on the patient’s body will force air in
their lungs out through the airway, along with the obstructing liquid.
7. According to Boyle’s law, the pressure in a fixed amount of gas will increase as
its volume decreases. Which one of the statements that follow is consistent with
Boyle’s law?
A. When the diaphragm contracts, pressure in the lungs increases.
B. When the chest recoils during exhalation, the air in the lungs is at a negative
pressure.
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C. When the chest recoils during exhalation, the air in the lungs increases in
volume.
D. When the diaphragm contracts, pressure in the lungs decreases.
Answer is D: The diaphragm moves inferiorly as it contracts. This expands the volume of the lungs.
8. Deoxygenated blood entering the alveoli has dissolved oxygen with partial pressure of 40 mmHg, while alveolar air has oxygen present at a partial pressure of
90 mmHg. What will be the partial pressure of dissolved oxygen in blood that
leaves the lungs?
A. 40 mmHg
B. 65 mmHg
C. 90 mmHg
D. 100 mmHg
9. Boyle’s law may be stated as: “when the volume of an enclosed gas expands, its
pressure decreases”. Thus the pressure in our lungs will:
A. Increase as our diaphragm contracts.
B. Be negative as we breathe out.
C. Be negative as our ribcage moves up and out.
D. Be positive as our ribcage moves up and out.
10. Boyle’s law may be stated: Provided that the temperature does not change, the
volume of a fixed amount of gas decreases as its pressure increases (and vice
versa). Which statement concerning the pressure of the air in the lungs is consistent with Boyle’s law?
A. It will decrease as the chest expands.
B. It decreases as we breathe out.
C. It increases when we contract our diaphragm.
D. It decreases as our intercostal muscles relax.
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